This is done by looking up the dns records of the requested domain. The purpose of DNS is to translate a domain name into the appropriate IP address. The global nature of Internet services requires a network of distributed and scalable DNS servers to ensure that users can quickly look up and resolve the requested server’s location, wherever they are around the globe. , for example, has thousands of servers across the globe, and the physical server that a user connects within one country is likely completely different from another user elsewhere around the world. A domain may have one or hundreds of IP addresses associated with it. The DNS directory is distributed worldwide, stored in special servers called dns servers (i.e., “domain name servers”) that are interconnected and communicate regularly to synchronize directory information and create redundancy.Ī DNS server stores specific information that pairs a domain name with particular IP addresses. Today, the standards for DNS are maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC 1035. His solution was a new system that he named DNS, which remains based on Mockapetris’ fundamental principles. In 1983, Paul Mockapetris, a USC researcher, was tasked with developing a solution. This text file was called “hosts.txt”.Īs the Internet grew to millions of domains, this was not sustainable. When the Internet started, Stanford’s Elizabeth Feinler personally assigned those names and addresses in a master list of every Internet-connected computer. While it’s still possible to type a particular IP address into a browser and reach a website, users wanted website names that would be easier to remember. When the Internet started, it was easier for people to correspond to specific IP addresses with specific computers, but that didn’t last long as more devices and people joined the growing network. DNS servers translate requests for specific domains into IP addresses, controlling which server users with access when they enter the domain name into their browser. The domain name system works much like a phone book where users can search for a requested person and retrieve their phone number. The domain name system (i.e., “DNS”) is responsible for translating domain names into a specific IP address so that the initiating client can load the requested Internet resources. Analogous to a network “phone book,” DNS is how a browser can translate a domain name (e.g., “”) to the actual IP address of the server, which stores the information requested by the browser. Most importantly, it translates human readable domain names into the numerical identifiers associated with networking equipment, enabling devices to be located and connected worldwide. Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system built on a distributed database for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.
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